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SA 178 Grade A Boiler Tube
SA178 A is an ERW (electric resistance welded) low carbon steel boiler tube used in super heaters, water wall panels, heat exchangers, condensers, marine application, refineries, paper pulping, petrochemical applications, pressure vessels, and general engineering applications.
Description
SA178 A is an ERW (electric resistance welded) low carbon steel boiler tube used in super heaters, water wall panels, heat exchangers, condensers, marine application, refineries, paper pulping, petrochemical applications, pressure vessels, and general engineering applications.
ASTM A178 standard referes to electric-resistance-welded tubes with minimum-wall-thickness. Materials are carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel, ASTM A178 pipe and tube is to be used in boiler tubes, boiler flues, superheater flues and safe ends. Steel Grades A (low-carbon steel), C (medium-carbon steel), or D (carbon-manganese steel). Manufacturing processes must include heat treatment, welding after cooling. Crush test shall be performed if required by customer.
Chemical Requirements of ASTM A178
| Grade | C | Mn | P | S | Si |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade A Low carbon steel | 0.06-0.18 | 0.27-0.63 | 0.035 | 0.035 | ... |
| Grade C Medium Carbon Steel | 0.35 Max | 0.80 Max | 0.035 | 0.035 | ... |
| Grade D Manganess Steel | 0.27 Max | 1.00-1.50 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.10 Min. |
Chemical Composition
The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
When a grade is ordered under this specification, sup- plying an alloy grade that specifically requires the addition of any element other than those listed in Table 1 is not permitted.
Product Analysis
1. When requested on the purchase order, a product analy- sis shall be made by the manufacturer or supplier from one tube per 100 pieces for sizes over 3 in. [76.2 mm] and one tube per 250 pieces for sizes 3 in. [76.2 mm] and under; or when tubes are identified by heat, one tube per heat shall be analyzed. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified.
2. If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of two additional lengths of flat-rolled stock or tubes shall be made. Both retests, for the elements in question, shall meet the requirements of the specification; otherwise all remaining material in the heat or lot (Note 2) shall be rejected or, at the option of the producer, each length of flat-rolled stock or tube may be individually tested for acceptance. Lengths of flat- rolled stock or tubes which do not meet the requirements of the specifications shall be rejected.
Mechanical Properties of ASTM A178
| Grade | T.S. ksi [MPa] | Y.S. ksi [MPa] | EL. in 2" min. % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade C | 60 [415] | 37 [255] | 30 |
| Grade D | 70 [485] | 40 [275] | 30 |
Manufacture & Heat Treatment
The ASTM A178 Grade D steel shall be killed. ASTM A178 tubes shall be made by electric-resistance welding process. After welding, all tubes shall be heat treated at a temperature of 1650°F [900°C] or higher and followed by cooling in air or in the cooling chamber of a controlled-atmosphere furnace. Cold-drawn tubes shall be heat treated after the final cold-draw pass at a temperature of 1200°F [650°F] or higher.
Testing & Inspection
ERW tubes made from ASTM A178 steel may be tested or inspected in the following ways covering crush test, flattening test, flange test, tension test, reverse tension test, hydrostatic test, nondestructive electric test, dimension inspection, visual examination, as well as ultrasonic inspection.
NOTE 2—A lot consists of 250 tubes for sizes 3 in. [76.2 mm] and under and of 100 tubes for sizes over 3 in. [76.2 mm], prior to cutting to length.
Special precision welded process flow
Different name
Condenser steel tube,heat-exchanger tube,low carbon steel pipe,Resistance welded steel tube ,Bolier flues,Spoerheater flues and safe ends,ERW carbon steel pipes.
Manufacturing Process: ERW
Heat treatment: After welding,all tubes shall be heat treated at a temperature of 1650°F(900℃) or higher and followed by cooling in air or in the cooling chamber of a controlled-atmosphere furnace,Cold-drawn tubes shall be heat treated after the final cold-draw pass at a temperature of 1200°F(650℃)or higher.
Surface Condition: Finished tubes shall be free of scale,A slight amount of oxidation will not be considered as scale.
Mechanical Tests Required: Flattenting Test/Flaring test/Flange test/Crush test/Tension test/Reverse Flattening test/Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test
Usage Used in boiler, superheater, heat-exchanger and pressure equipment in Petrochemical factory, Refinery factory, sugar mill, power plant, power plant, shipbuilding.
What is p number of sa178a gr a boiler tube?
P1 material designation for A178 A ERW carbon steel boiler tube. By using this value to group related Base alloys, it is possible to qualify the entire selection instead of only one. Based on the type of material they are, ASTM A178 Grade A Boiler Pipes are categorized and given P1 Numbers.
Due to their comparable weldability & mechanical properties, these substances can be classed together. A base alloy mentioned in a separate ASME material standard with the identical UNS number shall be regarded as that P-Number when a base alloy with a UNS number Classification is given a P-Number. An engineering evaluation is required before changing the materials.
Astm a178 grade a vs c tube
The carbon content of SA178 A boiler tubing is lower than that of SA178 C boiler tubing. Additionally, grade A pipe contains less manganese.
As compared to ASTM A178 C tubing, ASTM A178 Grade A tubing has a lower tensile strength. Both grades’ yield strengths and hardness varied as well. SA 178 Gr A boiler tubes have a lower yield strength and harder surface than SA 178 Gr C boiler tubes. Their applications have also changed as a result of all these modifications. Grade A pipes have the UNS number K01200, whereas grade C pipes have the UNS number K03503.
What is minimum wall thickness of sa178a boiler tubing?
SA178A boiler tubing wall thicknesses & sizes typically fall within the range of 1/2 to 5 inches. [12.7 to 127 mm] in length & [0.035 to 0.360 inches] in width. The minimum wall thickness is [0.9 to 9.1 millimeters], included.
These ASTM standard SA178 grade A seamless tubes are built from carbon metal alloys, including carbon-manganese steel with a minimal wall thickness. Because of its characteristics, this pipe can be used in many different applications. Whenever rust or degradation mechanisms are engaged, SA178 Grade A Pipe offers a safety margin from unexpected loads and a longer survival duration.
How heat treatment is performed on sa178 grade a tube?
Following welding, ASTM SA178 gr. A pipe must be heat treated at a minimum heat of 1650°F (900°C) before being cooled in the open air or a controlled environment boiler. Just after the last cold-draw cycle, cold-drawn pipes must be heat treated at 1200° [650°C] or more significant.
There could be a significant change in the structural and nano-size deposition attributes (quantity, kind, and dimensions) after thermal treatment for SA178a Tube. This change may have a significant impact on the alloy’s ability to withstand corrosion. By strengthening the material, heat treatment can increase wear resistance.
According to specifications sa178a welded boiler tubes is offered in Sch-40, Sch-5, Sch-80, Sch-60, Sch-10, and std by stocking distributors, see purpose of sa178 grade a pipe
What is purpose of astm a178 grade a tubing?
The most essential technical purposes as well as particular automotive industries, specifically call for the usage of ASTM A178 A tubes. In particular, among many other goods with additional value, there is metal for Gas cylinders, API rating, a corrosion-resistant alloy of steel, important structural purpose metal, boiler excellence, auto-grading, precise pipes, & lower carbon grades.
Such tubes are used in various industries, including petroleum refining, chemical plants, power stations (thermal and nuclear), steelworks, sugarcane refineries, compressed gases, boilers apparatus, and general engineering. Such pipes are favored by the majority of people due to their resistance to corrosion.
