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low-temperature service pipe
Compared with austenitic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel, there are many comprehensive advantages of ferrite alloy steels for low temperature service, such as higher strength, better rigidity and lower expansion coefificient.
Please send your inquiry by sales@sunnysteel.com
Description
Compared with austenitic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel, there are many comprehensive advantages of ferrite alloy steels for low temperature service, such as higher strength, better rigidity and lower expansion coefificient. There is not only better stability but aslo higher heat transfer efficiency. Tube & pipe for low-temperature service can be widely used in low temperature engineering. ASTM/ASME A/SA-333 Grades allow for cold temperature service to minus 150 degrees F. Material is always provided in the normalized condition at a minimum and Charpy Impact tested to a specific temperature range to assure compliance with the required service temperature.
Low temperature steel grade and its use
This specification covers seamless and welded steel pipe for low temperature service.
How do alloying elements affect the performance of cryogenic steels?
We usually call the steel used the temperature range -10 to -273℃ as low-temperature steel or cryogenic steel According to alloying element content and structure, cryogenic steels can be divided into: Aluminum killed C-Mn steel such as 06MnVTi, 06MnVal, 09Mn2Vre, 06MnNb steel, low alloy ferric body low-temperature steel 0.5Ni, 2.5Ni, 3Ni, 3.5Ni, etc., Martensiform low-temperature steels such as 9Ni, 5Ni steel, high alloy austenitic low-temperature steels such as 1Cr18Ni9Ti and 20Mn23Al and so on.
The effect of alloying elements in low-temperature steels mainly refers to its effect on the low-temperature toughness of steels:
Mn
Manganese can improve obviously the low-temperature toughness of steel. Manganese mainly exists in the form of solid solution in steel and plays the role of solid solution strengthening. In addition, manganese is an element that enlarges the austenite region and reduces the transformation temperature (A1 and A3). It is easy to obtain fine and ductile ferrite and pearlite grains, which can increase the maximum impact energy and significantly reduce the brittle transition temperature. In general, the Mn/C ratio should be equal to 3, which can not only reduce the brittle transition temperature of steel, but also compensate for the decrease of mechanical properties caused by the decrease of carbon content due to the increase of Mn content.
Ni
Nickel can alleviate the tendency of brittle transition and significantly reduce the temperature of brittle transition. The effect of nickel on improving the low-temperature toughness of steel is 5 times that of manganese, that is, the brittle transition temperature decreases by 10℃ with the increase of nickel content by 1%. This is mainly because of nickel with carbon, absorbed by the solid solution and reinforcement, nickel also makes a move to the left point of eutectoid steel eutectoid point to reduce the carbon content, reduce the phase transition temperature (A1 and A2), in comparison with the same carbon content of carbon steel, decrease in the number of ferrite and refining, pearlite populations (the carbon content of pearlite is also lower than carbon steel). The experimental results show that the main reason why nickel increases the toughness at low temperature is that nickel-containing steel has more movable dislocations at low temperature and is easier to cross slip. For example, medium alloy low carbon martensiform low-temperature steel 9Ni steel, has high low-temperature toughness, can be used for -196℃. The 5Ni steel developed on the basis of 9Ni steel has good low-temperature toughness at -162~-196℃.
C
With the increase of carbon content, the brittle transition temperature of steel increases quickly and the welding property decreases, so the carbon content of low-temperature steel is limited to less than 0.2%.
P, S, Sn, Pb Sb
Phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic, tin, lead, antimony: these elements are not conducive to the low-temperature toughness of steel.
They segregate in the grain boundary, which reduces the surface energy and resistance of the grain boundary, and causes the brittle crack to originate from the grain boundary and extend along the grain boundary until the fracture is complete.
Phosphorus can improve the strength of steel, but it will increase the brittleness of steel, especially at low temperatures. The brittle transition temperature is obviously increased, so its content should be strictly limited.
O, H, N
These elements will increase the brittle transition temperature of steel. Deoxidized silicon and aluminum killed steels can improve the toughness at low temperatures, but because silicon increases the brittle transition temperature of steels, aluminum killed steels have a lower brittle transition temperature than silicon killed steels.
Main steel products and application
| Steel Grade | GB(China) | ASME（USA） | DIN/EN(Euro) | JIS(Jpan) | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel | 10 | A106 | St35.8 | STB340 | Economizer tube Water wall tube, pipeline, header pipe, Petrochemical furnace tube, heat exchange tube |
| 20 | SA-106B | St45.8 | STB410 | ||
| 20G | SA-106C | P235GH | STB510 | ||
| 20MnG | SA-192 | P265GH | |||
| 25MnG | SA-210A1 | ||||
| Q345B/C/D/E | SA-210C | ||||
| Mo steel | 15MoG | SA-209 T1 | 16Mo3 | 15Mo3 | Water wall tube Superheater tube Reheater tube |
| 20MoG | SA-209 T1a | 16Mo3 | |||
| SA-209 T1b | |||||
| Cr-Mo Steel | 12Cr1MoG | 12Cr1MoV | Superheater tube Reheater tube, Pipeline, Header pipe, Petrochemical furnace tube, Heat exchange tube |
||
| Cr-Mo-V steel | 12Cr2MoWVTiB | 14MoV63 | |||
| Cr-Mo-Steel | 12CrMoG | T11/P11 | 10CrMo5-5 | STB20 | |
| Cr-Mo-W Steel | 15CrMoG | T12/P12 | 12CrMo4-5 | STB22 | |
| Cr-Mo Steel | 12Cr2MoG | T22/P22 | 10CrMo9-10 | STB23 | Superheater tube, Reheater tube, Main steam pipe, Pipleline, Header pip, Petrochemical furnace tube, Heat exchange tube |
| Cr-Mo-W steel | 10Cr9Mo1VNbN | T23/P23 | 7CrWVMoNb9-6 | STB24 | |
| 10Cr9MoW2VNbBN | T24/P24 | 7CrMoVTIB10-10 | STB25 | ||
| 12Cr1Mo | T5/P5 | X10CrMoVNb9-1 | STB26 | ||
| 12Cr5Mol/NT | T9/P9 | X10CrWMoVNb9-2 | |||
| 12Cr9Mol/NT | T91/P91 | X11CrMo5+l/NT | |||
| T92/P92 | X11CrMo9-1+l/NT | ||||
| Carbon steel | 16MnDG | A333-1 | STPL380 | Tube & pipe for Low-temperature service | |
| Ni steel | 10MnDG | SA-333-1 | STPL450 | ||
| 09DG | A333-6 | ||||
| SA-333-6 | |||||
| A333-3 | |||||
| SA-333-3 | |||||
| Austentic Stainless steel | --- | AP304 TP304H | --- | Superheater tube, Reheater tube | |
| TP321 TP321H | |||||
| TP347 TP347H | |||||
| TP316 TP316H | |||||
| S30432 TP310HCbN |
Standard
The production of our seamless pipes is tightly regulated and all of the pipes we stock have been fully tested to international standards to ensure we only supply the highest quality products.
ASTM / ASME
American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)| Product name | Executive standard | Dimension (mm) | Steel code/ Steel grade |
|---|---|---|---|
| Black and Hot-dipped Zinc-coated Steel Pipes Seamless | ASTM A53 | 0.3-1200 x 1.0-150 | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C |
| Seamless Carbon Steel for High Temperature Service | ASTM A106 | 10.3-1200 x 1.0-150 | GR.B, GR.C |
| Seamless Cold-drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes | ASTM A179 | 10.3-426 x 1.0-36 | Low Carbon Steel |
| Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High Pressure | ASTM A192 | 10.3-426 x 1.0-36 | Low Carbon Steel |
| Seamless Cold-drawn Intermediate Alloy Steel Heat-exchanger and Condenser Tubes | ASTM A199 | 10.3-426 x 1.0-36 | T5, T22 |
| Seamless Medium-carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes | ASTM A210 | 10.3-426 x 1.0-36 | A1, C |
| Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy Steel Boiler, Superheater and Heat-exchanger Tubes | ASTM A213 | 10.3-426 x 1.0-36 | T5, T5b, T9 , T11, T22 ,T91 |
| Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel for Mechanical Tubing | ASTM A333 | 1/4"-42" x SCH20-XXS | Grade1 Gr. 3,Gr..6, Gr.8 , Gr. 9 |
| Seamless Cold-drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes | ASTM A556 | 10.3-426 x 1.0-36 | A2, B2 |
| Round and shaped steel cold formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural pipe. | ASTM A500 | OD :10.3-820 x 0.8- 75 | Grade A, B, C, D |
| Carbon and alloy steel mechanical tubing, either hot-finished or cold-finished | ASTM A519 | 10.3-426 x 1.0-36 | 1020, 1025, 4130, 4140 |
| For seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service | ASTM A335 | 1/4"-42" x SCH20-XXS | A/SA 335 P1, P2, P11, P12, P15, P22, P91, P92, P122 |
Process
Cold drawn seamless steel tube deformed process
Cold Drawn Seamless Mechanical Tubing (CDS) is a cold drawn 1018/1026 steel tube which offers uniform tolerances, enhanced machinability and increased strength and tolerances compared to hot-rolled products. 
Cold drawn steel tube is with hot-rolled steel coil as raw material, and tandem cold rolling pickled to remove oxide scale, its finished rolling hard roll, rolling hard volumes due to the continuous cold deformation caused by cold hardening strength, hardness increased indicators declined tough plastic, stamping performance will deteriorate, which can only be used for simple deformation of the parts. Rolling hard roll can be used as the raw material of the hot-dip galvanizing plant, hot dip galvanizing line set annealing line. Rolling hard roll weight is generally 6 to 13.5 tons, the coil diameter of 610mm.
Hot rolled seamless steel pipe deformed process
Hot-rolled seamless steel pipe production base deformation process can be summarized as three stages: perforation, extension and finishing. 
The main purpose of the perforation process is to become a solid round billet piercing hollow shell. Capillary in the specifications, accuracy and surface quality can not meet the requirements of the finished product, further improvements are needed to deform the metal through. The main purpose of the stretching machine is further reduced sectional view (main compression wall) for a larger axial extension, so that the capillary improved dimensional accuracy, surface quality and organizational performance. After stretching machine rolled steel pipe shortage collectively need further molding mill in order to achieve the requirements of the finished pipe. Rolled steel due to pass in the method widely used in the production of seamless steel tubes. So far, due to the method pass rolling steel can be divided into two categories: core pension without rolling rolling (hollow body rolling), and with the mandrel. Sizing machines, reducing mill and stretch reducing mill belonging to the hole without mandrel type continuous rolling mills are generally coffin. Its main purpose is to reduce the diameter of the deformation process or sizing get finished steel, the wall thickness of process control, can make thinning, thickening or nearly unchanged. All the traditional hole-type rolling machine with mandrel belong to extend machine. The main purpose is to reduce the deformation process perforated capillary wall thickness and outer diameter roll passes in the deformation zone and the mandrel posed, for a larger axial extension. At the same time a certain improvement in the organization, performance, accuracy, surface quality.
Cut to Length
Before cutting pipe and tubing No matter the material, measure the diameter of the pipe or tube to be cut to ensure that you use the right-size tube cutter for the job. When determining how to make a straight cut, use a tape measure and a pencil or other writing instrument to mark on the surface where you want to cut. If possible, mark around the circumference of a pipe, especially when cutting with a handsaw. Ensure that a cut is as straight as possible by securing the pipe with a vise, clamp, miter box or even duct tape to keep the length from shifting out of place while cutting. After cutting pipe and tubing
- Unless a cut is perfectly clean, you should expect to remove burrs from around the edge, especially after sawing.
- Use a deburring tool to clean the edge after tube cutting.
- You may opt to use a metal file on the cut of a metal pipe.
Inspection
Size inspection
Geometrical inspection of steel pipes The outer diameter, wall thickness, bending and length of the steel pipe can be inspected on the inspection table with an outer caliper, a micrometer and a bending ruler, and a length tape measure.
Tolerances of pipes you should notice
Take seamless steel pipe as an example, there are some tolerances that affect quality. Noting this, and you will get a better pipe.
Weight tolerance
For pipe NPS 12 (DN300, 323.8mm) and under, the weight shall vary within -3.5% / +10%.
For pipe over NPS 12 (DN300, 323.8mm), the weight shall vary within -5% / +10%.
Pipe of NPS 4 (DN100, 114.3mm) and smaller may be weighed in convenient lots; pipe in sizes larger than NPS 4 shall be weighed separately.
Quantity tolerance
Normally mills take -10% to +10% tolerance, but TPMCSTEEL keeps ±3% variation.
Length tolerance
For Seamless pipe& tube, if definite cut lengths are ordered, the length shall vary within -0mm / +6mm.
Dimension tolerances of seamless steel pipe
| Pipe types | Pipe Szie(mm) | Tolerances | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hot rolled | OD | <50 | ±0.50mm |
| ≥50 | ±1% | ||
| WT | <4 | ±12.5% | |
| ≥4-20 | +15%, -12.5% | ||
| >20 | ±12.5% | ||
| Cold drawn | OD | 6-10 | ±0.20mm |
| 10-30 | ±0.40mm | ||
| 30-50 | ±0.45 | ||
| >50 | ±1% | ||
| WT | <1 | ±0.15mm | |
| >1-3 | + 15%, – 10% | ||
| >3 | + 12.5%, – 10% | ||
| Standard | Hot finished seamless tube | Cold flnished seamless tube | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Out diameter (mm) | Tolerance | Out diameter (mm) | Tolerance | |
| EN10216-1 | ≤100 | +/-0.75% (min.+/-0.5mm) | All | +/-0.5% |
| EN10216-2 | (min. +/-0.30mm) | |||
| DIN17175 | >100 | +/-0.90% | ||
| GB/T 3087 | ≤460 | +/-0.75% (min.+/-0.5mm) | 10-30 | +/-0.40mm |
| >30-50 | +/-0.45mm | |||
| >50 | +/-1.0% | |||
| GB/T 5310 GB/T 9948 GB/T 6479 | <57 | +/-0.40mm | ≤30 | +/-0.20mm |
| 57-325 | +/-0.75% | >30-50 | +/-0.30mm | |
| >325-460 | +1%,-2mm | >50 | +/-0.8% | |
| ASME SA-179M ASME SA-192M ASME SA-209M ASME SA-210M ASME SA-213M JIS G 3461 JIS G 3461 | ≤101.6 | +0.4, -0.8mm | <25.4 | +/-0.10mm |
| >25.4-38.1 | +/-0.15mm | |||
| >38.1-50.8 | +/-0.20mm | |||
| 101.6-190.5 | +0.4, -1.2mm | >50.8-63.5 | +/-0.25mm | |
| >63.5-76.2 | +/-0.30mm | |||
| >76.2 | +/-0.38mm | |||
| ASME SA106 ASME SA335 | ≤48.3 | +/-0.40mm | ≤48.3 | +/-0.40mm |
| 48.3-114.3 | +/-0.79mm | |||
| 114.4-219.1 | +1.59, -0.79mm | |||
| 219.2-323.9 | +2.38, -0.79mm | >48.3 | +/-0.79mm | |
| >324 | +/-1.0% | |||
Tolerances on wall thickness
The wall thickness at any point shall be within the below tolerance table.| Standard | Hot finished seamless tube | Cold flnished seamless tube | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIN17175 | Out diameter OD(mm) | Wall thickness T(mm) | Tolerance | Out diameter (mm) | Wall Thickness T(mm) | Tolerance |
| ≤130 | S≤2Sn | +15%, -10% | -- | All | +/-10% (min. +/-0.2mm) |
|
2Sn| +12.5%, -10% |
| |||||
| S>4Sn | +-/9% | |||||
| >130 | S≤0.05da | +17.5%, -12.5% | ||||
0.05da| +/-12.5% |
| |||||
| S>0.11da | +/-10% | |||||
| EN 10216-1 EN 10216-2 | ≤219.1 | - | +/-12.5% (min.+/-0.4mm) |
|||
| -- | T/D≤0.025 | +/-20% | ||||
0.025| +/-15% |
| |||||
0.05| +/-12.5% |
| |||||
0.1| +/-10% |
| |||||
| GB/T 3087 | -- | ≤20 | +15%,-12.5% (min.+0.45, -0.35mm) | -- | 1.0-3.0 | +15%, -10% |
| >20 | +/-12.5% | -- | >3 | +12.5%, -10% | ||
| GB/T 5310 GB/T 9948 GB/T 6479 | -- | <4.0 | +15%,-10% (min.+0.48, -0.32mm) | -- | 2-3 | +12%,-10% |
| 4-20 | +12.5%,-10% | >3 | +/-10% | |||
| >20 | +/-10% | |||||
| ASME SA-179M ASME SA-192M ASME SA-209M ASME SA-210M ASME SA-231M JIS G 3461 JIS G 3462 | -- | 2.41-3.8 | +35%, -0% | ≤38.1 | -- | +20%,-0% |
| 3.8-4.6 | +33%,-0% | >38.1 | -- | 22%,-0% | ||
| >4.6 | +28%,-0% | -- | -- | -- | ||
| ASME SA-106 ASME SA-335 | -- | All | +/12.5% | All | +/-10% | |
Note:
- The size in the table above is for the hot-rolled tubes.
- The size of the green area is the regular specification, we can accept orders directly, but the yellow area shall be subject to a technical evaluation.
- The Out side diameter (O.D) and wall thickness (W.T.) of the tube should be complied.
PMI test
Positive material identification (PMI) testing is the examination of a material, usually a metallic alloy, to confirm the material is consistent with the user’s request.
Delivery
Steel pipe delivery status(condition)
Steel pipe delivery status(condition): cold / hard (BK), cold / soft (BKW), after cold stress relief annealing (BKS), annealing (GBK), normalized (NBK).
Condition on delivery of steel pipe
| Term | Symbol | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Cold-finished/hard (cold-finished as-drawn) | BK | No heat treatment after the last cold-forming process. The tubes therefore have only low deformability. |
| Cold-finished/soft (lightly cold-worked) | BKW | After the last heat treatment there is a light finishing pass (cold drawing) With proper subsequent processing, the tube can be cold-formed (e.g. bent, expanded) within certain limits. |
| Annealed | GBK | After the final cold-forming process the tubes are annealed in a controlled atmosphere or under vacuum. |
| Normalized | NBK | The tubes are annealed above the upper transformation point in a controlled atmosphere or under vacuum. |
Cold rolled steel coil substrate products deep processing of high value-added products. Such as electro-galvanized, hot dip galvanized, electro-galvanized fingerprint resistant, painted steel roll damping composite steel, PVC laminating steel plates, etc., so that the excellent quality of these products has a beautiful, high resistance to corrosion, has been widely used.
Cold rolled steel coil finishing after annealing, cut the head, tail, trimming, flattening, smooth, heavy volume, or longitudinal clipboard. Cold-rolled products are widely used in automobile manufacturing, household electrical appliances, instruments, switches, buildings, office furniture and other industries. Steel plate strapping package weight of 3 to 5 tons. Flat sub-volume typically 3 to 10 tons / volume. Coil diameter 6m.
Packing
There are probably hundreds of different methods for packing a pipe, and most of them have merit, but there are two principles that are vital for any method to work prevent rusting and Sea transportation security. 
- Plastic caps plugged at the two sides of pipe ends
- Should be avoided by the steel strapping and transport damage
- Bundled signs should be uniform and consistent
- The same bundle(batch) of steel pipe should be came from the same furnace.
- The steel pipe has the same furnace number, the same steel grade, the same specifications.
Our packing can meet any needs of the customers.
Inquiry
Need to inquire about our products? Fill out the form below and our staff will be in touch!
FAQ
Q: How long is your delivery time? A: The delivery time of customized products is generally 25 35 days, and non customized products are generally shipped within 24 hours after payment. Q: Do you provide samples? Is it free? A: If the value of the sample is low, we will provide it for free, but the freight needs to be paid by the customer. But for some high value samples, we need to charge a fee. Q: What are your payment terms? A: T/T 30% as the deposit,The balance payment is paid in full before shipment Q: What is the packaging and transportation form? A: Non steaming wooden box and iron frame packaging. Special packaging is available according to customer needs. The transportation is mainly by sea. Q: What is your minimum order quantity? A: There is no minimum order quantity requirement. Customized products are tailor made according to the drawings provided by the customer.
